Contents:
Review: How to write a complex sentence?
Writing: How many continents are there?
Countries, Nationalities/Languages
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1. REVIEW
How to write a complex sentence?
“Complex” sentences are not actually very complex; they are just two or more simple sentences put together. Putting them together makes the essay more coherent and cohesive.
1. Relative Clauses
You can use relative clauses to give essential or extra information about a person, place, or thing. This makes our writing more fluent and more coherent. We do this by using relative pronouns like who, which and that.
For example:
- He’s the kind of person who is always friendly.
- Air pollution can cause health problems. Air pollution is largely caused by motor vehicles.
- We can convert these two simple sentences into one complex sentences by using the word ‘which’.
- Air pollution, which is mostly caused by motor vehicles, can cause health problems.
2. Subordinate Clauses
A subordinate clause can describe nouns and pronouns; describe verbs, adverbs, and adjectives; or act as the subject or object of another clause. They are made by connecting an independent clause with a dependent clause with words like as, because, while, until, even though, although, when and if.
3. Conditional Clauses
Also known as ‘If clauses’, they are used to express that the action in the main clause can only take place if a certain condition is met.
For example:
- If I had a million dollars, I would quit my job.
- I will be really happy, if I pass the IELTS test.
4. Compound Sentences
Compound sentences consist of two independent clauses linked together with a conjunction such as ‘and’, ‘for’ or ‘but’.
Examples:
- I really want to study, but I’m too tired.
- She got to the test centre early, and she did really well on her IELTS test.
- Some students think these sentences are too simple to count as complex but they are wrong.
2. WRITING
How many continents are there?
The widely recognized all the 7 continents are listed by size below, from biggest to smallest.
ASIA includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated continent, the 60% of the total population of the Earth live here.
- ASIA includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated continent, the 60% of the total population of the Earth live here.
- AFRICA comprises 54 countries. It is the hottest continent and home of the world’s largest desert, the Sahara, occupying the 25% of the total area of Africa.
- NORTH AMERICA includes 23 countries led by the USA as the largest economy in the world.
- SOUTH AMERICA comprises 12 countries. Here is located the largest forest, the Amazon rainforest, which covers 30% of the South America total area.
- ANTARCTICA is the coldest continent in the world, completely covered with ice. There are no permanent inhabitants, except of scientists maintaining research stations in Antarctica.
- EUROPE comprises 51 countries. It is the most developed economically continent with the European Union as the biggest economic and political union in the world.
- AUSTRALIA includes 14 countries. It is the least populated continent after Antarctica, only 0.2% of the total Earth population live here.
Answer the question: How many countries do you know?
Countries, Nationalities/Languages
-(a)n: American, European, German, Indian
-ian: Brazilian, Canadian, Egyptian, Italian
-ish: British, Irish, Spanish, Turkish
-ese: Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
Other endings: French, Greek, Thai
Country | Nationality | Language |
Afghanistan | Afghan | Persian |
Argentina | Argentinean | Spanish |
Australia | Australian | English |
Belgium | Belgian | French / Flemish |
Bolivia | Bolivian | Spanish |
Brazil | Brazilian | Portuguese |
Cambodia | Cambodian | Cambodian |
Cameroon | Cameroonian | French / English |
Canada | Canadian | English / French |
Chile | Chilean | Spanish |
China | Chinese | Chinese |
Colombia | Colombian | Spanish |
Costa Rica | Costa Rican | Spanish |
Cuba | Cuban | Spanish |
Denmark | Danish (Dane) | Danish |
Dominican Republic | Dominican | Spanish |
Ecuador | Ecuadorian | Spanish |
Egypt | Egyptian | Arabic |
El Salvador | Salvadorian | Spanish |
England | English | English |
Estonia | Estonian | Estonian |
Ethiopia | Ethiopian | Amharic |
Finland | Finnish | Finnish |
France | French | French |
Germany | German | German |
Ghana | Ghanaian | English |
Greece | Greek | Greek |
Guatemala | Guatemalan | Spanish |
Haiti | Haitian | French / Creole |
Honduras | Honduran | Spanish |
Indonesia | Indonesian | Indonesian |
Iran | Iranian / Persian | Persian |
Ireland | Irish | Irish / English |
Israel | Israeli | Hebrew |
Italy | Italian | Italian |
Japan | Japanese | Japanese |
Jordan | Jordanian | Arabic |
Kenya | Kenyan | Swahili |
Korea | Korean | Korean |
Laos | Laotian | Laotian |
Latvia | Latvian | Latvian |
Lithuania | Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
Malaysia | Malaysian | Malay / Malaysian |
Mexico | Mexican | Spanish |
Morocco | Moroccan | Arabic / French |
Netherlands | Dutch | Dutch |
New Zealand | New Zealander | English / Maori |
Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | Spanish |
Norway | Norwegian | Norwegian |
Panama | Panamanian | Spanish |
Paraguay | Paraguayan | Spanish |
Peru | Peruvian | Spanish |
Philippines | Filipino | Tagalong / Filipino |
Poland | Polish | Polish |
Portugal | Portuguese | Portuguese |
Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | Spanish |
Romania | Romanian | Romanian |
Russia | Russian | Russian |
Saudi Arabia | Saudi | Arabic |
Spain | Spanish | Spanish |
Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan | English / indo-Portuguese |
Sweden | Swedish | Swedish |
Switzerland | Swiss | Swiss |
Taiwan | Taiwanese | Chinese |
Tajikistan | Tajik | Tajik (Persian) |
Thailand | Thai | Thai |
Turkey | Turkish / Turk | Turkish |
Ukraine | Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
United States | American | English |
Uruguay | Uruguayan | Spanish |
Venezuela | Venezuelan | Spanish |
Vietnam | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
Wales | Welsh | Welsh / English |