Contents:
Vocabulary: Topic “Family”: grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, granddaughter, grandson, cousin, nephew, niece, stepfather, mother-in-law
Grammar: Comparatives and superlatives
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1. VOCABULARY:
Bé hãy bấm vào tranh để nghe âm thanh của từ nhé!
The father of a person’s mother or father
The mother of a person’s father or mother
The brother of someone’s mother or father, or the husband of someone’s aunt or uncle
The sister of someone’s father or mother, or the wife of someone’s uncle or aunt
The daughter of a your son or daughter
The son of a your son or daughter
A male child of a person’s aunt or uncle, or, more generally, a distant (= not close) relation
A female child of a person’s aunt or uncle, or, more generally, a distant (= not close) relation
A son of your sister or brother, or a son of the sister or brother of your husband or wife
A daughter of your brother or sister, or a daughter of your husband’s or wife’s brother or sister
The man who is married to someone’s mother but who is not their real father
The mother of your husband or wife
Excersive: Answer the questions:
Who is this?
a. Your mother’s father.
b. Your father’s sister
c. Your aunt’s son
d. Your mother’s brother
e. Your mother’s new husband
f. Your sister’s son
g. Your brother’s daughter
h. Your daughter’s son
i. Your husband’s mother
2. GRAMMAR:
a. Comparative:
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).
Examples:
My house is larger than hers.
This box is smaller than the one I lost.
Your dog runs faster than Jim’s dog.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. (“than Jim” is understood)
b. Superlative:
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).
The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).
Examples:
My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
This is the smallest box I’ve ever seen.
Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. (“of all the rocks” is understood)
c. Forming:
* Forming comparatives and superlatives:
Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends on the number of syllables in the original adjective.
* One syllable and adjectives:
Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending.
Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
tall | taller | tallest |
fat | fatter | fattest |
big | bigger | biggest |
sad | sadder | saddest |
* Two syllables
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it safe and use more and most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i before adding the ending.
Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
happy | happier | happiest |
simple | simpler | simplest |
busy | busier | busiest |
tilted | more tilted | most tilted |
tangled | more tangled | most tangled |
* Three or more syllables:
Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.
Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
important | more important | most important |
expensive | more expensive | most expensive |
* Regular comparatives and superlatives
These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.
Examples:
Today is the worst day I’ve had in a long time.
You play tennis better than I do.
This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
This sweater is less expensive than that one.
I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.
Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
good | better | best |
bad | simpler | worst |
little | busier | least |
much | more | most |
far | further / farther | furthest / farthest |