Contents:
Từ vựng: apps and electronic devices, improve, fitness, agriculture, conference, publish, articles, climate change, antibiotic, Sports psychologists, calories, consume, fitness tracker, body metabolises calories, motivation, Technology
Writing: SENTENCE STRESS
1. VOCABULARY
/æps ənd ɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk dɪˈvaɪsəz/
Apps and electronic devices : a computer program an object or machine that is designed for a particular purpose
/ɪmˈpruːv/
To get better, or to make something better
/ˈfɪt.nəs/
Activities relating to keeping healthy and strong, especially through exercise
/ˈæɡ.rə.kʌl.tʃɚ/
The practice or work of farming
/ˈkɑːn.fɚ.əns/
An event, sometimes lasting a few days, at which there are a lot of talks and meetings about a particular subject
/ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/
To make available to the public, usually by printing, a book, magazine, newspaper, or other document
/ˈɑːr.t̬ɪ.kəl/
A piece of writing on a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
/ˈklaɪ.mət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/
Changes in the world’s weather, particularly an increase in temperature, thought to be caused by things such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
/ˌæn.t̬i.baɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk/
A medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria in the body or limit their growth
/ˈspɔːrts saɪˌkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
Someone who studies how psychology influences sport and exercise, especially someone who works with athletes to improve their performance
/ˈkæl.ɚ.i/
A unit used in measuring the amount of energy food provides when eaten and digested
/kənˈsuːm/
To use fuel, energy, or time, esp. in large amounts
/ˈfɪt.nəs ˌtræk.ɚ/
An electronic device, usually worn on the wrist, that is designed to record information about your physical fitness and activity, for example your heart rate and how many steps you have walked
/ˈbɑdi metabolises ˈkæləriz/
Change food in the body into energy and new cells
/ˌmoʊ.t̬əˈveɪ.ʃən/
Enthusiasm for doing something
/tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/
The methods for using scientific discoveries for practical purposes, esp. in industry
2. READING
SENTENCE STRESS
Sentence stress occurs when we say certain words more loudly and with more emphasis than others. In English, we stress content words because they are essential to the meaning of the sentence. In general, shorter words or words that are clear from the context don’t get stressed.
To Stress
Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Negative words such as not or never also get stressed because they affect the meaning of the sentence. Modals, too, can change the meaning of a sentence. Here is a list of words to stress in an English sentence:
- nouns (people, places, things)
- verbs (actions, states)
- adjectives (words that modify nouns)
- adverbs (words that modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire sentences)
- negative words (not, never, neither, etc.)
- modals (should, could, might, etc., but not will or can)
- yes, no, and auxiliary verbs in short answers (e.g., Yes, she does.)
- quantifiers (some, many, no, all, one, two, three, etc.)
- Wh-Question words (what, where, when, why, how, etc.—note that what is often unstressed when
- speaking quickly because it’s so common)
Not to Stress
Some words don’t carry a lot of importance in an English sentence. Short words such as articles, prepositions, and conjunctions don’t take stress. Pronouns don’t usually get stressed either because the context often makes it clear who we’re talking about. The Be verb and all auxiliary verbs don’t carry much meaning—only the main verb does. Here is a list of words that shouldn’t be stressed in an English sentence:
- articles (a, an, the)
- prepositions (to, in, at, on, for, from, etc.)
- conjunctions (and, or, so, but, etc.)
- personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.)
- possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, etc.)
- Be verb (am, is, are, was, were, etc.)
- auxiliary verbs (be, have, do in two-part verbs or questions)
- the modals will and be going to (because they’re common, and the future tense is often clear from context)
- the modal can (because it’s so common)
3. TEST STRATEGY
Listening: Underline the key words in the sentences. Then listen out for these key words or their synonyms/paraphrases. This will help you understand which part of the recording the answer is in.
Remember to check your spelling.
Speaking: In part 1 of the speaking test, you often have to talk about your education and studies. Learning a range of words related to education and studying can help improve your performance.
Speaking & Writing: Try to use both V + adverb structures and adj + N structures in Writing and Speaking